NSA > PayingForCollege >Federal Student Loans: Find out what you need to know

What You Need To Know About Federal Student Loans 

Understand Differences Among Loan Types Before You Borrow Money

No matter where your future takes you – to a university, trade school, or community college — you need to figure out how to pay for your college education. The costs of attending college may seem overwhelming, but they are not, if you spend a little time in advance gathering the necessary information. A good place to start is to learn about your Federal Student Loan options. Each year, the federal government provides low-interest loans to millions of students just like you. Here is what you need to know to become one of those selected.

There are many different types of student loans available, both through the Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP) and through the Federal Direct Student Loan Program (FDSLP). FFELP loans come from private-lending institutions, such as banks, credit unions, and savings and loan institutions, while FDSLP loans are provided directly by the U.S. government and distributed to students through participating schools.

Federal Stafford Loan

The Federal Stafford Loan is the largest loan category to help college students pay for their college education. Subsidized Federal Stafford Loans are available to students who have financial needs. This means that the loan interest will be paid by the government or educational institution that student attends, during the course of the student’s education. Also, unsubsidized Federal Stafford Loans are available, regardless of financial need. The borrower is responsible for interest accrued on unsubsidized loans for the life of the loan. You must be enrolled at least half-time as a student to be eligible for either type of Federal Stafford Loan. 

Pros and Cons of Federal Stafford Loans 

  • Subsidized Federal Stafford Loans are currently 6.8 percent fixed-rate loans. This rate is scheduled to go down incrementally in the coming years. Because the interest is paid while you are in school and while the loan is deferred, when you begin payments, the initial principle due is the same amount you borrowed.
  • Unsubsidized Federal Stafford Loans are currently 6.8 percent fixed-rate loans. This rate is not scheduled to go down in coming years. When you begin payments on unsubsidized loans, you will be paying for the initial principal amount borrowed, plus whatever interest the loan has accrued, while you were in school. Unless you make your own arrangements to pay the interest while attending school, the amount you begin paying will be greater than the amount you originally borrowed. 
  • No credit checks Eligibility for Subsidized Federal Stafford Loans is determined when students fill out the FAFSA (Free Application for Federal Student Aid). Students must re-file the FAFSA each year, in order to determine funding options. 
  • Unsubsidized Federal Stafford Loans can be received in addition to subsidized loans, or in cases where the student is determined ineligible for subsidized Federal Stafford Loans, because unsubsidized loans are not need-based. 
  • Flexible repayment plans There is a six-month grace period once a student leaves school, before repayment begins. 

Federal PLUS Loan

Parent Loans for Undergraduate Students (PLUS) are federally insured loans for parents who need to borrow money to pay for the education of their dependent children. The total amount borrowed can be equal to the total cost of a child’s undergraduate education; minus any financial aid that child receives from other sources. In 2006, Federal PLUS loans were expanded to be available for graduates and professional students as well.

Pros and Cons of Federal PLUS Loans

  • Federal PLUS Loans are an 8.5 percent fixed-rate loan.
  • These loans are not based on need and can be used to pay for the student’s entire education.
  • Borrowers must meet creditworthiness standards set by both the federal government and the lender. If parents cannot pass creditworthiness standards, they will have to look for alternative funding sources.
  • Repayment begins as soon as the full loan amount is disbursed.

Federal Consolidated Loans

Federal Consolidated Loans allow borrowers to consolidate all of their federal school loans into one single loan with one monthly payment. A Federal Consolidated Loan results in a low, fixed-rate loan and is generally weighted to reflect the average of the existing loan interest rates. Depending on the total loan balance, this option also might allow a borrower to extend the total loan repayment period.

Pros and Cons of Federal Consolidated Loans 

  • Low, fixed-rate loans can provide overall savings to total loan repayments. Students need to be aware of any existing incentives with current loan lenders that could reduce payment amounts. Incentives will not be passed along with loan consolidation, so payments after consolidation may not reflect the savings you hoped.
  • Borrowers need to be aware that extending the loan repayment period also increases the total amount to be paid, with greater total interest accumulation.

Federal Perkins Loan

The Federal Perkins Loan is strictly a need-based loan. Qualification is determined by criteria set by the federal government, and funds are subsidized by the school the student attends. Therefore, students may qualify for a Federal Perkins Loan, but those funds will not be available to the student at every institution. Approximately 1,800 universities and colleges participate in the Federal Perkins Loan program. These schools maintain the flexibility of awarding those funds as they see fit to the students attending their school. 

Pros and Cons of Federal Perkins Loans 

  • Federal Perkins Loans are five percent, fixed-rate loans. 
  • Only extremely low-income families are eligible for the Federal Perkins Loan. You must show financial need, as determined by a standard formula, set by the U.S. Department of Education, in order to qualify for this loan. Eligibility is determined through the FAFSA.
  • The Federal Perkins Loan is only available as a direct loan from the federal government. FFELP lending institutions cannot participate in the Federal Perkins Loan program. 

Typical Application Process For A Federal Student Loan

In order to apply for a Federal Perkins Loan or a Federal Stafford Loan, you must complete the FAFSA. A separate loan application is not required. However, you will need to sign a Promissory Note, which is a binding legal contract that says you agree to repay your loan according to the terms of the Promissory Note.

Read this note carefully before signing it, in order to understand the terms and conditions of your loan. Check carefully that you understand the following:

  • full amount you are borrowing
  • interest rate and any fees associated with the loan
  • length of the repayment period
  • conditions under which late fees are assessed, and the amount you will be charged for any late fees

Keep a copy of this note for your records.

You may find that you qualify for one or more types of Federal Student Loans. So, make certain that you understand the terms and conditions of each, in order to make the best choice for your college education and your future after you complete college.


Financial, Tax and Legal Disclosures

NextStudent does not offer tax, legal or investment advice.  Nothing contained herein is intended to serve as tax, legal or investment advice.  We urge you to consult with experts in these fields before taking any action based on the information contained on our site.

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Federal Student Loans: Find out what you need to know